Morphology of Flowering Plants

Biology · Class 11

Simulation · Biology · Class 11

Set the petals in the bud

"Set the petals in the bud" is a free, interactive Class 11 Biology simulation for NEET, built on the NCERT section "Calyx, corolla and aestivation" in Morphology of Flowering Plants. Look down on a bud and set which edge of each petal overlaps its neighbour: none (valvate), all one way (twisted), mixed (imbricate), or the pea pattern of standard–wings–keel (vexillary) NEET has asked about this idea 1 time in 10 years of papers.

From the lesson Calyx, corolla and aestivation in Morphology of Flowering Plants. Change the values and watch what happens.

Set the petals in the budBiology · Class 11

What it shows

NCERT §5.5.1.2

Look down on a bud and set which edge of each petal overlaps its neighbour: none (valvate), all one way (twisted), mixed (imbricate), or the pea pattern of standard–wings–keel (vexillary)

Controls

3 to try

  • Clickflip each petal's overlap edge
  • Slidernumber of petals 3–5
  • Toggleopen the bud

Try this

Arrange a 5-petal bud as twisted (china rose), then rebuild it as vexillary with the standard outermost.

Common mistake

Keel petals are the largest.

In NEET

10 years of papers

Asked 1 time in 10 years of NEET.

See the past questions: Morphology of Flowering Plants (chapter)

The idea behind it

NCERT §5.5.1.1, §5.5.1.2, Figure 5.11

  • Calyx: the outermost whorl, made of sepals. Sepals are usually green and leaf-like and protect the flower while it is a bud.
  • Gamosepalous: sepals united. Polysepalous: sepals free.
  • Corolla: made of petals, whose bright colours usually serve to draw insects in for pollination. Gamopetalous: petals united. Polypetalous: petals free.
  • Corolla form varies a great deal. Common shapes: a tube (tubular), a bell, a funnel, or a flat wheel.
  • Aestivation is the way sepals or petals lie in the bud relative to their neighbours in the same whorl. Main types: valvate, twisted, imbricate, vexillary.
  • Valvate: neighbouring members just meet at their edges and do not overlap. Example: Calotropis.
  • Twisted: each member overlaps the next one with one margin, all the way round in one direction. Examples: china rose, lady's finger, cotton.
  • Imbricate: the margins overlap, but with no single direction. Examples: Cassia, gulmohur.
  • Vexillary or papilionaceous (pea, bean): five petals; the largest, the standard, overlaps the two lateral wings, and the wings overlap the two smallest anterior petals, the keel.

Questions

4 answers

What does the "Set the petals in the bud" simulation show?
Look down on a bud and set which edge of each petal overlaps its neighbour: none (valvate), all one way (twisted), mixed (imbricate), or the pea pattern of standard–wings–keel (vexillary)
What mistake does the "Set the petals in the bud" simulation fix?
A common mistake it clears up: keel petals are the largest.
Has NEET asked about this idea?
Yes. NEET has asked about this idea 1 time in 10 years of papers.
Is this simulation free?
Yes. It is free and runs in the browser on a phone or a laptop. It belongs to the lesson "Calyx, corolla and aestivation" in Morphology of Flowering Plants (Class 11 Biology).

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