Chemistry · Class 12 · Chapter 10
Biomolecules
13 lessons106 min7 simulations10 practice questions
The molecules of life. Carbohydrates first: how they are defined and grouped, the six experiments that fixed glucose's open chain, D and L, and why glucose and fructose really live as rings with α and β anomers. Then sugars linked by glycosidic bonds: sucrose and invert sugar, maltose, lactose, starch, cellulose and glycogen. Proteins follow, from α-amino acids and the zwitter ion through peptide bonds to four levels of structure, denaturation and enzymes. The chapter closes with vitamins and their deficiency diseases, DNA and RNA with base pairing, and hormones.
Also called: carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids · biomolecules chemistry
Lessons
13 lessons · 106 min
01What counts as a carbohydrateNCERT §10.1–10.1.25 min02Glucose: how it is made and the open-chain evidenceNCERT §10.1.2.16 min03D and L: relative configurationNCERT §10.1.2.18 min1 sim04Ring forms of glucose and fructoseNCERT §10.1.2.1–10.1.2.28 min1 sim05Disaccharides and the glycosidic linkNCERT §10.1.312 min2 sims06Polysaccharides and why carbohydrates matterNCERT §10.1.4–10.1.55 min07Amino acidsNCERT §10.2–10.2.29 min1 sim08Peptides and the four levels of protein structureNCERT §10.2.39 min1 sim09Denaturation and enzymesNCERT §10.2.4–10.36 min10VitaminsNCERT §10.4–10.4.16 min11Nucleic acidsNCERT §10.5–10.5.310 min1 sim12HormonesNCERT §10.64 min13Chapter reviewMust-know facts, traps and formulas18 min
Simulations
7 in this chapter
D and L: a label for the drawing, not for the lightIn: D and L: relative configurationClosing the sugar ringIn: Ring forms of glucose and fructoseWhich sugar reduces Tollens' reagent?In: Disaccharides and the glycosidic linkInvert sugar: the reading falls through zeroIn: Disaccharides and the glycosidic linkZwitter ion: which form wins at each pHIn: Amino acidsWhat does heat undo in a protein?In: Peptides and the four levels of protein structureBuild the partner strandIn: Nucleic acids