Chemistry · Class 11 · Chapter 5
Thermodynamics
12 lessons118 min7 simulations9 practice questions
Chemical thermodynamics tracks the energy exchanged as heat and work when a system changes, and uses it to decide whether a change can happen on its own. The chapter builds from system and surroundings to the first law, enthalpy and thermochemistry (Hess's law, bond enthalpies, lattice enthalpy), and then to entropy and Gibbs energy, linking the sign of ΔG to spontaneity and to the equilibrium constant used in the next chapter.
Also called: chemical thermodynamics · thermochemistry · enthalpy · Gibbs free energy
Lessons
12 lessons · 118 min
01System, surroundings and state functionsNCERT § "Thermodynamic Terms"7 min02Work, heat and the first lawNCERT § "The Internal Energy as a State Function"11 min1 sim03Pressure-volume workNCERT § "Applications"12 min1 sim04Enthalpy, heat capacity and extensive propertiesNCERT § "Enthalpy, H"7 min05CalorimetryNCERT § "Measurement of ΔU and ΔH: Calorimetry"9 min1 sim06Reaction enthalpy, standard states and thermochemical equationsNCERT § "Enthalpy Change, ΔrH of a Reaction – Reaction Enthalpy"6 min07Hess's lawNCERT § "Hess's Law of Constant Heat Summation"9 min1 sim08Enthalpies of combustion, atomisation, bonds, lattices, solution and dilutionNCERT § "Enthalpies for Different Types of Reactions"10 min1 sim09Spontaneity and entropyNCERT § "Spontaneity"11 min1 sim10Gibbs energy and spontaneityNCERT § "Gibbs Energy and Spontaneity"11 min1 sim11Gibbs energy and equilibriumNCERT § "Gibbs Energy Change and Equilibrium"7 min12Chapter reviewMust-know facts, traps and formulas18 min
Simulations
7 in this chapter
The first law: a ledger of energyIn: Work, heat and the first lawSame start, same end, different workIn: Pressure-volume workBomb or open cup: ΔU or ΔH?In: CalorimetryHess's law: add the stepsIn: Hess's lawBonds broken, bonds formedIn: Enthalpies of combustion, atomisation, bonds, lattices, solution and dilutionEntropy is spreading outIn: Spontaneity and entropyWhen does a reaction go on its own?In: Gibbs energy and spontaneity