Physics · Class 12 · Chapter 9

Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

11 lessons122 min9 simulations9 practice questions

This chapter treats light as rays that travel in straight lines and follow the laws of reflection and refraction. Using NCERT's Cartesian sign convention it derives the mirror equation, refraction at a spherical surface, the lens maker's formula and the thin lens formula, then covers total internal reflection, lens combinations, refraction through a prism, and the working of the simple microscope, compound microscope and telescope.

Also called: ray optics · lenses and mirrors · refraction · prism

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Lessons

11 lessons · 122 min

01Reflection by spherical mirrors and the sign conventionNCERT § "Reflection of Light by Spherical Mirrors"7 min 02The mirror equation and magnificationNCERT § "The Mirror Equation"11 min1 sim 03Refraction and apparent depthNCERT § "Refraction"7 min 04Total internal reflectionNCERT § "Total Internal Reflection"11 min1 sim 05Refraction at a spherical surfaceNCERT § "Refraction at a Spherical Surface"7 min 06Thin lenses: lens maker's formula and thin lens formulaNCERT § "Refraction by a Lens"15 min2 sims 07Power of a lens and combinations of thin lensesNCERT § "Power of a Lens"10 min1 sim 08Refraction through a prismNCERT § "Refraction through a Prism"14 min2 sims 09Simple and compound microscopeNCERT § "The Microscope"10 min1 sim 10TelescopeNCERT § "Telescope"10 min1 sim 11Chapter reviewMust-know facts, traps and formulas20 min

Simulations

9 in this chapter

Spherical mirror: where the image formsIn: The mirror equation and magnification Snell's law, the critical angle and total internal reflectionIn: Total internal reflection Thin lens: the same drag, a different formulaIn: Thin lenses: lens maker's formula and thin lens formula A lens in a liquidIn: Thin lenses: lens maker's formula and thin lens formula Two thin lensesIn: Power of a lens and combinations of thin lenses Prism: the angle of minimum deviationIn: Refraction through a prism Thin prism: deviation and coloursIn: Refraction through a prism Compound microscopeIn: Simple and compound microscope Astronomical telescopeIn: Telescope